I LIKE SPORTS!

The verb "to like"

STATEMENTS

Use the verb "to like", when you talk about things that you enjoy doing:

• I like playing tennis.
• You like going out to clubs.
• He likes riding his bike.
• We like going to the cinema.
• They like watching TV.

Complete the sentences with the ing-form of the verb in brackets. For example: He likes _____ (play the guitar).  He likes playing the guitar.

1. They like 
    (go to restaurants).
   
   
2. They don't like 
    (cook).
   
   
3. She likes 
    (watch films).
   
   
4. She doesn't like 
    (be on the computer).
   
   
5. He likes 
    (read magazines).
   
   
6. He doesn't like 
    (talk on the phone).

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AT THE FITNESS CENTER

Modal Verbs

Los verbos modales

Como verbos complementarios que son, los verbos modales no funcionan sin otro verbo. Este otro verbo siempre va después del verbo modal y está en la forma de base (el infinitivo sin “to”). No se conjugan los verbos modales y no tienen tiempo.

Should

“Should” indica una obligación o recomendación. Refleja una opinión sobre lo que es correcto. Se traduce como el condicional de “deber” en español.

Ejemplos:

I should call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)

You shouldn’t work so hard. (No debería trabajar tan duro.)

They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberían practicar más si quieren ganar el campeonato.)

Se utiliza “should” en frases interrogativas para preguntar si existe una obligación o para pedir una recomendación.

Ejemplos:

Should we leave a tip? (¿Deberíamos dejar una propina?)

Should I have the steak or the chicken? (¿Debería comer el bistec o el pollo?)

Where should they meet you? (¿Dónde deberían encontrarte?) Must “Must” indica una obligación, prohibición o necesidad. También puede emplearse“have to” (tener que). Ejemplos: You must [have to] read this book, it’s fantastic. (Tienes que leer este libro, es fantástico.) You must [have to] brush your teeth two times a day. (Tienes que cepillarte los dientes dos veces al día.) We must [have to] leave now or we will be late. (Tenemos que irnos ahora o llegaremos tarde.) You must not drink and drive. (No puedes beber y conducir.) When must we meet you? (¿Cuándo debemos quedar? ) Have to "Have to" es un semiauxiliar que se suele traducir por "tener que". La diferencia con "must" es que "must" se usa para dar órdenes o expresar una obligación moral interna de la persona que habla u ordena y "have to" indica que la obligación viene de normas externas, una tercera persona o de una circunstancia. I must go to work. Tengo que ir a trabajar. I have to do what my parents say. Tengo que hacer lo que mis padres dicen. Una de las características importantes que lo distinguen de los "auxiliares puros", como "must", es que necesita del auxiliar "do" para la negación y la interrogación. También se le añade -s a la tercera persona del singular. Click here to practice.

THE WHEEL WAS INVENTED

Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:

active		passive
The hunter killed the lion.	>>	The lion was killed by the hunter.
Someone has cleaned the windows	>>	The windows have been cleaned

The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:

	be	past participle
English	is	spoken	all over the world
The windows	have been	cleaned
Lunch	was being	served
The work	will be	finished	soon
They	might have been	invited	to the party

We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:

active		passive
They called off the meeting.	>>	The meeting was called off.
His grandmother looked after him.	>>	He was looked after by his grandmother.
They will send him away to school.	>>	He will be sent away to school.

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WHAT CAN THEY DO?

CAN / CAN'T

Shows ability or inability. Examples:

a. You can leave early today.

b. I can speak English.

c. Dogs can't fly.

d. Can cats swim? ✔Yes, they can.  ✖No, they can't.

POSITIVE STATEMENT				NEGATIVE STATEMENT
I	can	speak	English	I	can't	speak	English
He	can	run	very vest	You	can't	run	very fast
He	can	sit	in the garden	He	can't	sit	in the garden
She	can	come	with us	She	can't	come	with us
It	can	jump	to the other side	It	can't	jump	to the other side
We	can	make	delicious cakes	We	can't	make	delicious cakes
You	can	pass	the exam	You	can't	pass	the exam
They	can	draw	pictures	They	can't	draw	pictures

NOTE: Negative form of CAN is either “cannot” or “can not” and its negative contraction is “Can’t”. 

YES / NO QUESTIONS (POSITIVE)				SHORT ANSWER	LONG ANSWER
Can	I	kiss	you?	Yes, you can. No, you can't.	Yes, you can kiss me. No, you can't kiss me.
Can	you	speak	English?	Yes, I can. No, I can't.	Yes, I can speak English. No, I can't speak English.
Can	he James	come	to the cinema?	Yes, he can. No, he can't.	Yes, he can come to the cinema. No, he can't come to the cinema.
Can	she Jennifer	dance?		Yes, she can. No, she can't.	Yes, she can dance. No, she can't dance.
Can	it a bird	talk		Yes, it can. No, it can't.	Yes, it can talk. No, it can't talk.
Can	we	leave	now?	Yes, we/you can. No, we/you can't.	Yes, we/you can leave now. No, we/you can not leave now.
Can	you	wait	outside?	Yes, we can. No, we can't.	Yes, we can wait outside. No, we can't wait outside.
Can	they	sing	pop songs?	Yes, they can. No, they can't	Yes, they can sing pop songs. No, they cannot sing pop songs.

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WHAT'S THAT?

The words "this" and "that" are demonstrative adjectives (i.e. they demonstrate or indicate nouns.) They indicate not only a specific item or items but also where they are in relation to the speaker.

Additionally, Spanish has an extra demonstrative adjective to indicate items located physically even farther away from you. In other words, Spanish has an equivalent to "this" and to "that", but also has "this or that one over there."

Here are the Demonstrative Adjectives:

"This" and "These"	Singular	Plural
Masculine	este	estos
Feminine	esta	estas
"That" and "Those"	Singular	Plural
Masculine	ese	esos
Feminine	esa	esas
"That one over there" and "Those ones over there"	Singular	Plural
Masculine	aquel	aquellos
Feminine	aquella	aquellas

Este suéter ----------------->	This sweater
Estos suéteres---------------->	These sweaters
Ese suéter ---------------->	That sweater
Esos suéteres ---------------->	Those sweaters
Aquel suéter ---------------->	That sweater over there
Aquellos suéteres ---------------->	Those sweaters over there

Esta blusa ------------------>	This blouse
Estas blusas ----------------->	These blouses
Esa blusa ----------------->	That blouse
Esas blusas ----------------->	Those blouses
Aquella blusa ----------------->	That blouse over there
Aquellas blusas ----------------->	Those blouses over there

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A ROBBERY

1-Read this text.

A STRANGE EXPERIENCE

Last month I was on holiday in Ireland with my mum and dad. One day, we were driving through a small village. It was time for lunch, so we stopped at a restaurant .

It was a large , old builiding. We looked through the window. There were lots of people in the restaurant. They were eating , drinking and chatting . A musician was playing the violin. But there was something strange about the people . They weren't wearing normal , modern clothes. They were wearing hats, jackets and dresses from another century . We couldn't understand it. But we were hungry , so we opened the door .

When we went into the restaurant, everything was different. The people were wearing normal clothes. The musician wasn't there- the music was on CD. It was a very strange experience !

Daniel

2- Now copy these questions in a new file and answer them .

1- Who was Daniel on holiday with ?

2- Why did they stopa at a restaurant ?

3- What were the people in the restaurant doing ?

4- What instrument was the musician playing ?

5- What was strange about their clothes?

6- When they went into the restaurant, did they see the musician ?

WRITING -

1-Look at the picture and write what these people were doing when the teacher arrived at the school ?

Example

1- When the teacher arrived , the girl in number 1 was sitting on a bench and she was studying .

Write your sentences in the new file .

Activity

In this lesson we'll refresh what we just learnt about countable and uncountable nouns. Print this worksheet.

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Special Dates

In this lesson we have talked about different celebrations around the world with a reading and answer to how,  when. Answer this questions in your notebook.

- When do people celebrate Thanksgiving?

- How do people celebrate Christmas?

- When do people celebrate Halloween?

- How do people celebrate Valentine´s day?

- When do people celebrate New Year's Eve?

JOB FORM

We learn about filling a job application form and different job categories.

PRINT BOTH IMAGES AND GLUE THEM IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

STORIES TO BE TOLD

PRESENT PERFECT + EVER, NEVER, ALREADY, YET

EVER

Los adverbios "ever" y "never" se refieren a un tiempo no identificado, anterior al presente (Have you ever visited Berlin?). "Ever" y "never" siempre se colocan antes del verbo principal (en "past participle"). "Ever" se utiliza:

EN PREGUNTAS

EJEMPLOS

Have you ever been to England?
Has she ever met the Prime Minister?

EN PREGUNTAS NEGATIVAS

EJEMPLOS

Haven't they ever been to Europe?
Haven't you ever eaten Chinese food?

EN ORACIONES NEGATIVAS CON "NOTHING+EVER" O "NOBODY+EVER"

EJEMPLOS

Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like this has ever happened to us.

CON "THE FIRST TIME"

EJEMPLOS

It's the first time that I've ever eaten snails.
This is the first time I've ever been to England.

NEVER

"Never" significa nunca antes de ahora y equivale a "not (...) ever": (I have never visited Berlin)

¡CUIDADO!: "Never" y "not" no deben usarse juntos.

I haven't never been to Italy.
I have never been to Italy.

ALREADY

"Already" se refiere a una acción que ha ocurrido en un tiempo anterior al presente pero no especificado. Sugiere que no es necesario repetir la acción.

EJEMPLOS

I've already drunk three coffees this morning. (= ¡y me estás ofreciendo otro!)
Don't write to John, I've already done it.

También se utiliza para preguntar:

Have you already written to John?
Has she finished her homework already?

"Already" puede colocarse antes del verbo principal (en "past participle") o al final de la frase:

I have already been to Tokyo.
I have been to Tokyo already.

YET

"Yet" se utiliza en oraciones negativas e interrogativas, con el significado de (no) en el periodo temporal entre el pasado y el ahora, (no) hasta el momento presente, incluido éste. Suele colocarse al final de la frase.

EJEMPLOS

Have you met Judy yet?
I haven't visited the Tate Gallery yet
Has he arrived yet?
They haven't eaten yet

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WHAT HAVE YOU DONE LATELY?

Present Perfect

El presente perfecto

C

El presente perfecto equivale más o menos al pretérito perfecto del español. Veremos las diferencias en la sección sobre usos. En general, es una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado. Lo usamos para acciones en el pasado que tienen importancia en el presente.

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

Form (Forma)

Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar “to have” en el presente y el participio pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado. Ver la lección sobre el pasado simple para más información sobre como formar el pasado.

Sujeto	Verbo auxiliar	Forma Corta	Participio Pasado
I, you, we, they	have	I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve	talked, learned, traveled…
he, she, it	has	he’s, she’s, it’s	talked, learned, traveled…

Structure (Estructura)

1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases affirmativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + participio pasado…

Ejemplos:

I have [I’ve] talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.)

She has [She’s] gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.)

We have [We’ve] been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.)

They have [They’ve] learned English. (Han aprendido inglés.)

2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)

Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to have) + “not” + participio pasado…

Ejemplos:

I haven’t talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.)

She hasn’t gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.)

We haven’t been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.)

They haven’t learned English. (No han aprendido inglés.)

3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)

Verbo auxiliar (to have) + sujeto + participio pasado…?

Ejemplos:

Have you talked to Peter? (¿Has hablado con Peter?)

Has she gone to work? (¿Ha ido a su trabajo?)

Have you been to London? (¿Has ido a Londres?)

Have they learned English? (¿Han aprendido inglés?)

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